[C#]在.NET程式中要如何指定Windows的ClassName去接收視窗的訊息
有使用過.NET程式做視窗訊息的接收的應該都會知道，好像沒有比較直接的方法去設定視窗的ClassName。就算去覆寫Form.CreateParams也不太行，若是指定的ClassName沒有註冊過，運行起來會丟出例外。
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override CreateParams CreateParams
{
get
{
base.CreateParams.ClassName = "test";
return base.CreateParams;
}
}
}
若是指定的是有註冊過的ClassName，像是Button之類的。
protected override CreateParams CreateParams
{
get
{
base.CreateParams.ClassName = "Button";
return base.CreateParams;
}
}
...
運行起來視窗的ClassName也是不太對勁。
因此在.NET程式中做視窗訊息的傳送，多半都還是使用視窗標題去找尋視窗的Handle，這樣就衍生出視窗標題會有重覆、或是要隱藏接收訊息的視窗、隱藏的視窗會閃爍或突然出現之類的問題。
為了解決這樣的問題我們得使用比較低階的方法，去跟作業系統註冊視窗的名稱，然後建立視窗出來。這邊筆者稍微整理了一個簡單的MessageReceiver類別以方便使用：
{
#region Struct
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
struct WNDCLASS
{
public uint style;
public WndProcDelegate lpfnWndProc;
public int cbClsExtra;
public int cbWndExtra;
public IntPtr hInstance;
public IntPtr hIcon;
public IntPtr hCursor;
public IntPtr hbrBackground;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
public string lpszMenuName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
public string lpszClassName;
}
#endregion
#region Delegate
delegate IntPtr WndProcDelegate(IntPtr hWnd, uint msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
#endregion
#region DllImport
/// <summary>
/// Registers the class W.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpWndClass">The lp WND class.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern UInt16 RegisterClassW(
[In] ref WNDCLASS lpWndClass
);
/// <summary>
/// Creates the window ex W.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dwExStyle">The dw ex style.</param>
/// <param name="lpClassName">Name of the lp class.</param>
/// <param name="lpWindowName">Name of the lp window.</param>
/// <param name="dwStyle">The dw style.</param>
/// <param name="x">The x.</param>
/// <param name="y">The y.</param>
/// <param name="nWidth">Width of the n.</param>
/// <param name="nHeight">Height of the n.</param>
/// <param name="hWndParent">The h WND parent.</param>
/// <param name="hMenu">The h menu.</param>
/// <param name="hInstance">The h instance.</param>
/// <param name="lpParam">The lp param.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr CreateWindowExW(
UInt32 dwExStyle,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
string lpClassName,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
string lpWindowName,
UInt32 dwStyle,
Int32 x,
Int32 y,
Int32 nWidth,
Int32 nHeight,
IntPtr hWndParent,
IntPtr hMenu,
IntPtr hInstance,
IntPtr lpParam
);
/// <summary>
/// Defs the window proc W.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">The h WND.</param>
/// <param name="msg">The MSG.</param>
/// <param name="wParam">The w param.</param>
/// <param name="lParam">The l param.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr DefWindowProcW(
IntPtr hWnd, uint msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam
);
/// <summary>
/// Destroys the window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">The h WND.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool DestroyWindow(
IntPtr hWnd
);
#endregion
#region Const
private const int ERROR_CLASS_ALREADY_EXISTS = 1410;
#endregion
#region Static Var
private static Dictionary<IntPtr, MessageReceiver> _receiverPool;
#endregion
#region Private Static Property
/// <summary>
/// Gets the m_ receiver pool.
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// The m_ receiver pool.
/// </value>
public static Dictionary<IntPtr, MessageReceiver> m_ReceiverPool
{
get
{
return _receiverPool ?? (_receiverPool = new Dictionary<IntPtr, MessageReceiver>());
}
}
#endregion
#region Private Property
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets a value indicating whether [m_ disposed].
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// <c>true</c> if [m_ disposed]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
/// </value>
private bool m_Disposed { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the M_HWND.
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// The M_HWND.
/// </value>
private IntPtr m_Hwnd { get; set; }
#endregion
#region Event
public event EventHandler<MessageEventArgs> WndProc;
#endregion
#region Constructor
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="MessageReceiver" /> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="className">Name of the class.</param>
/// <param name="title">The title.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.Exception">Could not register window class</exception>
public MessageReceiver(string className, string title)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(className))
className = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
// Create WNDCLASS
var wndClass = new WNDCLASS()
{
lpszClassName = className,
lpfnWndProc = CustomWndProc
};
UInt16 class_atom = RegisterClassW(ref wndClass);
int last_error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (class_atom == 0 && last_error != ERROR_CLASS_ALREADY_EXISTS)
{
throw new System.Exception("Could not register window class");
}
// Create window
m_Hwnd = CreateWindowExW(
0,
className,
title,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
IntPtr.Zero,
IntPtr.Zero,
IntPtr.Zero,
IntPtr.Zero
);
if (m_Hwnd == IntPtr.Zero)
return;
m_ReceiverPool[m_Hwnd] = this;
}
#endregion
#region Private Static Method
/// <summary>
/// Customs the WND proc.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">The h WND.</param>
/// <param name="msg">The MSG.</param>
/// <param name="wParam">The w param.</param>
/// <param name="lParam">The l param.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static IntPtr CustomWndProc(IntPtr hWnd, uint msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
if (m_ReceiverPool.ContainsKey(hWnd))
m_ReceiverPool[hWnd].OnWndProc(new MessageEventArgs(msg, wParam, lParam));
return DefWindowProcW(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
#endregion
#region Private Method
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!m_Disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
// Dispose managed resources
}
// Dispose unmanaged resources
if (m_Hwnd != IntPtr.Zero)
{
m_ReceiverPool.Remove(m_Hwnd);
DestroyWindow(m_Hwnd);
m_Hwnd = IntPtr.Zero;
}
m_Disposed = true;
}
}
#endregion
#region Protected Method
/// <summary>
/// Raises the <see cref="E:WndProc" /> event.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="MessageEventArgs" /> instance containing the event data.</param>
protected void OnWndProc(MessageEventArgs e)
{
if (WndProc == null)
return;
WndProc(this, e);
}
#endregion
#region Public Method
/// <summary>
/// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
#endregion
}
{
#region Property
public uint Message { get; set; }
public IntPtr wParam { get; set; }
public IntPtr lParam { get; set; }
#endregion
#region Constructor
public MessageEventArgs(uint message, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam)
{
Message = message;
wParam = wparam;
lParam = lparam;
}
#endregion
}
使用上就只要帶入視窗標題與視窗的ClassName去建立出物件實體，然後繫結事件下去處理就可以了，像是下面這段程式碼，筆者建立了MessageReceiver類別，並用FindWindow透過ClassName找尋出MessageReceiver，然後發送個簡單的訊息給它。
{
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
MessageReceiver m_receiver = new MessageReceiver("testClassName", "testWindowName");
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
m_receiver.WndProc += m_receiver_WndProc;
}
void m_receiver_WndProc(object sender, MessageEventArgs e)
{
if ((int)e.Message == 0x401)
{
listBox1.Items.Add("Received Message: 0x401");
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var handle = FindWindow("testClassName", null);
if (handle == IntPtr.Zero)
return;
SendMessage(handle, 0x401, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
}
}
運行起來可以看到我們可以透過指定ClassName的方式去傳送訊息了。
